The following commands are useful to find out what is going on on the system. # top # display and update the top cpu processes # mpstat 1 # display processors related statistics # vmstat 2 # display virtual memory statistics # iostat 2 # display I/O statistics (2 s intervals) # systat -vmstat 1 # BSD summary of system statistics (1 s intervals) # systat -tcp 1 # BSD tcp connections (try also -ip) # systat -netstat 1 # BSD
active network connections
System : # systat -ifstat 1 # BSD network traffic through active interfaces # systat -iostat 1 # BSD CPU and and disk throughput # tail -n 500 /var/log/messages # Last 500 kernel/syslog messages # tail /var/log/warn # System
warnings messages see syslog.conf
Users : # id # Show the active user id with login and group # last # Show last logins on the system # who # Show who is logged on the system # groupadd admin # Add group "admin" and user colin (Linux/Solaris) # useradd -c "Colin Barschel" -g admin -m colin # usermod -a -G <group> <user> # Add existing user to group (Debian) # groupmod -A <user> <group> # Add existing user to group (SuSE) # userdel colin # Delete user colin (Linux/Solaris) # adduser joe # FreeBSD add user joe (interactive) # rmuser joe # FreeBSD delete user joe (interactive) # pw groupadd admin # Use pw on FreeBSD # pw groupmod admin -m newmember # Add a new member to a group # pw useradd colin -c "Colin Barschel" -g admin -m -s /bin/tcsh # pw userdel colin; pw groupdel
admin
Encrypted passwords are stored in /etc/shadow for Linux and Solaris and /etc/master.passwd on FreeBSD. If the master.passwd is modified manually (say to delete a password), run # pwd_mkdb -p master.passwd to rebuild the database.
To temporarily prevent logins system wide (for all users but root) use nologin. The message in nologin will be displayed (might not work with ssh pre-shared keys). # echo "Sorry no login now" > /etc/nologin # (Linux)
Have a Unix Problem
Unix Books :-
Return to : - Unix System Administration Hints and Tips (c) www.gotothings.com All material on this site is Copyright.
|