List of unix technical questions to assist you in your job interviews: Construct pipes to execute the following jobs. 1. Output of who should be displayed on the screen with value of total number of users who have logged in displayed at the bottom of the list. 2. Output of ls should be displayed on the screen and from this output the lines containing the word ‘poem’ should be counted and the count should be stored in a file. 3. Contents of file1 and file2 should be displayed on
the screen and this output should be appended in a file.
4. Name of cities should be accepted from the keyboard
. This list should be combined with the list present in a file. This combined
list should be sorted and the sorted list
5. All files present in a directory dir1 should be deleted
any error while deleting should be stored in a file ‘errorlog’.
Explain the following commands. $ ls > file1 $ banner hi-fi > message $ cat par.3 par.4 par.5 >> report $ cat file1>file1 $ date ; who $ date ; who > logfile $ (date ; who) > logfile
What is the significance of the “tee” command? It reads the standard input and sends it to the standard
output while redirecting a copy of what it has read to the file specified
by the user.
What does the command “ $who | sort –logfile > newfile” do? The input from a pipe can be combined with the input from a file . The trick is to use the special symbol “-“ (a hyphen) for those commands that recognize the hyphen as std input. In the above command the output from who becomes the std
input to sort , meanwhile sort opens the file logfile, the contents of
this file is sorted together with the output of who (rep by the hyphen)
and the sorted output is redirected to the file newfile.
What does the command “$ls | wc –l > file1” do? ls becomes the input to wc which counts the number of
lines it receives as input and instead of displaying this count , the value
is stored in file1.
Which of the following commands is not a filter man , (b) cat , (c) pg , (d) head Ans: man A filter is a program which can receive a flow of data
from std input, process (or filter) it and send the result to the std output.
How is the command “$cat file2 “ different from “$cat >file2 and >> redirection operators ? is the output redirection operator when used it overwrites
while >> operator appends into the file.
Explain the steps that a shell follows while processing a command. After the command line is terminated by the key, the shel goes ahead with processing the command line in one or more passes. The sequence is well defined and assumes the following order. Parsing: The shell first breaks up the command line into words, using spaces and the delimiters, unless quoted. All consecutive occurrences of a space or tab are replaced here with a single space. Variable evaluation: All words preceded by a $ are avaluated as variables, unless quoted or escaped. Command substitution: Any command surrounded by backquotes is executed by the shell which then replaces the standard output of the command into the command line. Wild-card interpretation: The shell finally scans the command line for wild-cards (the characters *, ?, [, ]). Any word containing a wild-card is replaced by a sorted list of filenames that match the pattern. The list of these filenames
then forms the arguments to the command. PATH evaluation: It finally looks
for the PATH variable to determine the sequence of directories it has to
search in order to hunt for the command.
What difference between cmp and diff commands? cmp - Compares two files byte by byte and displays the
first mismatch diff - tells the changes to be made to make the files identical
What is the use of ‘grep’ command? ‘grep’ is a pattern search command. It searches for the pattern, specified in the command line with appropriate option, in a file(s). Syntax : grep Example : grep 99mx mcafile
What is the difference between cat and more command? Cat displays file contents. If the file is large the contents
scroll off the screen before we view it. So command 'more' is like a pager
which displays the contents page by page.
Write a command to kill the last background job? Kill $!
Which command is used to delete all files in the current
directory and all its sub-directories? rm -r *
Write a command to display a file’s contents in various formats? $od -cbd file_name c - character, b - binary (octal), d-decimal, od=Octal Dump.
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