Function of Sales Document Type in SAP

What Is the Purpose of Using a Sales Document Type in SAP?

In the SAP Sales and Distribution (SD) module, the sales document type plays a crucial role in defining how a sales transaction is processed. From standard sales orders like type "OR" to quotations, each document type configures the system’s behavior and processing logic. Whether it's a simple sales order or a complex contract, SAP uses sales document types to streamline transaction handling, compliance, and automation. 

Top 11 Functionalities of a Sales Document Type in SAP

1. Document Category

Purpose: Classifies different types of documents that can be processed in the Sales and Distribution system.

Examples: A – Inquiry, B – Quotation, C – Sales Order

The document category controls how the system stores and tracks each sales document.

2. Sales Document Block

Function: Determines whether a specific sales document type can be processed.

Blocked Type: Prevents creation of new documents.

Existing Docs: Can still be modified or displayed.

Ideal for temporary restrictions during audits or policy changes.

3. Number Range Assignment (Internal & External)

Definition: Assigns specific number ranges for identifying sales documents.

Internal Assignment: SAP system generates the number.

External Assignment: User manually enters the number.

Path: SPRO > Sales and Distribution > Sales > Sales Documents > Sales Document Header > Define Number Ranges for Sales Document

4. Item Number Increment

  • Specifies how item numbers should be automatically incremented in the sales document.
  • Enhances readability and structure.
  • Prevents number duplication.

5. Sub-Item Number Increment

  • Controls the numbering of sub-items within a sales document.
  • If left blank, sub-item inherits the main item's number increment.

6. Reference Mandatory

Purpose: Determines whether a reference document is required for sales document creation.

Also specifies the type of reference document (e.g., quotation, contract).

7. Item Division

Function: Allows item-level division determination from the material master.

Checked: Uses material’s division.

Unchecked: Uses header-level division for all items.

8. Check Division

Controls the system's response when item-level and header-level divisions differ.

Benefit: Ensures division-based validation (e.g., customer or regional restrictions).

9. Read Info Record

When enabled, the system reads the customer-material info record.

Advantage: Pulls specific data based on the customer-material relationship for pricing and descriptions.

10. Check PO Number

Use: Checks whether the customer PO number has already been used in another sales document.

Prevents: Duplicate orders based on the same PO number.

11. Credit Limit Check

Critical Function: Triggers credit checks during order processing.

Ensures customers do not exceed their allowed credit limit.

Can be automated to block or warn based on configuration.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1: What is a sales document type in SAP?

It's a configuration setting that defines how sales transactions like orders or quotations are processed in SAP SD.

Q2: What is the use of document category in SAP sales documents?

It categorizes documents (inquiry, quotation, etc.) and defines how they are stored and processed.

Q3: Can we block a sales document type in SAP?

Yes, using the Sales Document Block feature, you can restrict the creation of new documents while retaining access to existing ones.

Q4: How does SAP assign document numbers?

SAP assigns them based on internal or external number range configuration set in SPRO.

Q5: Why is a credit limit check important in sales orders?

It ensures financial discipline by preventing customers from placing orders beyond their allowed credit.

Q6: What does 'Read Info Record' do in sales documents?

It enables SAP to consider customer-specific material info during order processing.

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