Introduction to SAP HR
SAP Human Resource Management (commonly referred to as SAP
HR or SAP HCM) is one of the core functional modules in the SAP ERP suite.
It helps organizations manage and automate various human resource processes,
ranging from employee data management to payroll, recruitment, time tracking,
and more.
Unlike traditional HR systems that primarily focus on
people, SAP Human Capital Management (HCM) takes a broader approach, integrating
both people and monetary resources. This dual capability ensures that not
only is employee data efficiently managed, but it is also aligned with
financial goals and organizational strategies.
SAP HR ensures compliance with internal company policies
and country-specific regulations, making it a powerful tool for global
enterprises.
SAP HR Module Structure Overview
SAP HR is divided into key functional areas:
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Personnel Administration (PA): Maintains essential
employee data.
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Organizational Management (OM): Defines company hierarchy
and roles.
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Recruitment: Manages applicant tracking and hiring
processes.
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Time Management: Handles attendance, shifts, and leave.
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Payroll: Calculates employee salaries and integrates
with finance.
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Training and Event Management: Organizes employee
development programs.
Infotypes in SAP HR
Infotypes are data containers in SAP HR that store information
related to an employee. Each infotype has a unique four-digit number and
groups similar data, such as personal details, work schedules, or pay information.
Commonly Used Infotypes
| Infotype |
Description |
| 0000 |
Actions |
| 0001 |
Organizational Assignment |
| 0002 |
Personal Data |
| 0006 |
Addresses |
| 0007 |
Planned Working Time |
| 0008 |
Basic Pay |
Infotype Screens in SAP HR
SAP HR utilizes different screen types to handle data entry
and visualization for infotypes. Each screen type serves a unique purpose
in the user interface and is identified by a specific numeric range:
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1000 Series – Dummy Screens: Used primarily for
testing or placeholder purposes. These do not store real data but can simulate
actions.
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2000 Series – Single Entry Screens: These screens
allow users to enter data for a specific infotype in a straightforward,
user-friendly form.
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3000 Series – Overview Screens: Overview screens
display a summary of data entries across time periods or versions. Useful
for quick audits and changes.
Transaction Codes (T.Codes) in SAP HR
Personnel Administration T.Codes
| T.Code |
Description |
| PA30 |
Maintain employee master data |
| PA20 |
Display employee information |
| PA40 |
Perform personnel actions (e.g., transfer, termination) |
Recruitment T.Codes
| PB20 |
Display applicant data |
| PB30 |
Manage applicant profiles |
| PB40 |
Execute recruitment actions |
Organization Management T.Codes
| PPOME |
Modify organization structure |
| PPOCE |
Create organization unit |
| PPOSE |
Display organization chart |
| PM01 |
Create/enhance infotypes (PA & Recruitment) |
| PPC1 |
Create OM-specific infotypes |
| PPCM |
Enhance OM infotypes |
Time Constraints on Infotypes
Time constraints define how many records an infotype can
hold and whether these records can overlap.
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Time Constraint 1: Only one record can exist at any
time. New records overwrite old ones.
-
Time Constraint 2: Multiple records allowed, but no
overlaps.
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Time Constraint 3: Allows overlapping and multiple
records simultaneously.
This setup is essential to ensure accurate historical data
and prevent conflicting information.
Payroll in SAP HR
Payroll processing in SAP HR calculates employee compensation
based on working hours, tax codes, bonuses, deductions, and other rules
defined in the system. SAP Payroll is country-specific to meet local regulations
and tax structures.
Key Payroll Concepts
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Payroll Area: Group of employees whose payroll is
processed on the same schedule.
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Payroll Control Record: Locks data during payroll
processing and defines payroll periods.
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Schemas and Rules: Used in calculation logic for payroll.
FAQs about SAP Human Resource Management
1. What is SAP HR used for?
SAP HR is used to manage employee records, handle recruitment,
track time and attendance, process payroll, and support employee development
in an organization.
2. What is the difference between SAP HR and SAP HCM?
SAP HR is the traditional term for Human Resources management
in SAP, while SAP HCM (Human Capital Management) includes all HR functionalities
plus talent management and analytics features.
3. What are Infotypes in SAP HR?
Infotypes are structured data containers in SAP HR that store
related employee information, such as personal data, payroll details, and
organizational assignments.
4. What is PA30 used for?
PA30 is the SAP transaction code used to maintain employee
master data, including creating, updating, or viewing various infotypes
for employees.
5. Can SAP HR handle payroll?
Yes, SAP HR has a dedicated Payroll module that calculates
salaries, deductions, and taxes, ensuring compliance with local laws and
accurate compensation management.
6. What are Time Constraints in Infotypes?
Time Constraints determine how many records can exist for
an infotype and whether records can overlap. For example, Time Constraint
1 allows only one record at a time, while Time Constraint 3 allows overlaps.
Conclusion
SAP Human Resource Management (HR/HCM) is a comprehensive,
modular system designed to streamline every aspect of human capital operations—from
recruitment to payroll, and organizational management. By mastering its
modules, infotypes, and technical structure, businesses can build a robust,
scalable HR system tailored to their needs.
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SAP HR
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